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Hampi,
Karnataka Hampi
was the 14th century magnificent capital of one of the
greatest empires of the world. It is protected by the
tempestuous Tungabhadra river on the north and by rocky
granite ridges on the three sides. Covering an area
of about 26 kms, the ruins are situated in the midst
of a rugged landscape. The genesis of Hampi goes back
to the age of Ramayana, when it is believed to have
been Kishkinda, the great monkey kingdom. Considered
sacred, the site was raised to the status of a city
in 1336 A.D. by two brothers Hakka and Bukka to consolidate
the concept of the Deccab being a Hindu state. The subsequent
two centuries saw the Empire of Vijayanagara growing
to amazing heights. It attracted international commerce
and was known for it's enormous wealth. Hampi owed much
of this status to Krishnadevaraya, acknowledged as one
of the greatest rulers of the imperial kingdom. |
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Every
step of the way the crumbling grandeur of temples,
the broken dance of a nymph, the impassive resistance
of fortifications, worn sculptures of dancers,
demons, gods, soldiers, elephants, snakes entice
and excite your imagination. Every silent ruin
you enter, you feel the excitement of an explorer
on the verge of discovery. Under the steady
gaze of a hundred stone eyes you stare at walls
covered in frescos: hunting scenes, dances,
war, celebration and nature. They tell a hundred
stories but conceal a thousand more. An aura
of mystery hangs thick and heavy in the shadowed
confines of these structures.
"All the outer side of the gate of the
temple up to the roof is covered with copper
and gilded, and on each side of the roof on
the top are certain great animals that look
like tigers, all gilt. As you enter this idol
shrine, you perceive from pillar to pillar on
which it is supported many little holes in which
stand oil lamps which burn every night and they
will be in number 2,500 or 3,000". That
is the famous Vitthala Temple as described by
Paes. Situated on the banks of the Tunga Bhadra
the temple is a 20 minute walk down stream from
Hampi Bazaar. Even today, although it is has
been stripped of all but its stone, the Vitthala
Temple still is an impressive sight. The delicate
flowers, fearsome beasts, fluid dancers with
sensuous curves and mesmerising mandalas have
lost nothing of what their creators sought to
communicate. In places, remnants of ancient
colour still mark the walls. One can only try
and guess what it must have been like in full
bloom.
The pillared interior echoes with the murmur
of voices and the squeak of bats suspended in
the dark recesses. Eyes sweep the walls with
silent reverence, hands tap the hollow pillars
that were played like musical instruments. Outside,
the granite chariot of the sun god proudly stands
in a central courtyard. Its stone wheels could
still be turned by hand till a few years ago
when the authorities sealed them to prevent
damage. The architecture of the Vitthala Temple
strikes a fascinating balance between delicate
craftsmanship and awesome presence. Outside,
the granite chariot of the sun god proudly stands
in a central courtyard. Its stone wheels could
still be turned by hand till a few years ago
when the authorities sealed them to prevent
damage.
Further along, a 15 minute cycle ride from the
town is the king's royal enclosure. Today not
much more than the foundation stands, but the
ancient tales of the decadence and debauchery
of Krishna Deva Raya brings the place alive.
"Against the gate there were two circles
in which there were the dancing women, richly
arrayed with many jewels of gold and diamonds
and many pearls. Opposite the gate there are
two buildings...these buildings were all hung
with rich cloths, both the walls and the ceilings,
and the cloths of the walls were adorned with
figures in the manner of embroidery; these buildings
have two platforms one above the other, beautifully
sculpted, with their sides well made and worked.
On the upper platform close to the king was
Christovao de Figrueiredo (another Portuguese
traveler), for the king commanded that he should
be put in a place as best to see the feasts
and magnificence".
Paes goes on to narrate how the king lived within
this enclosure with his wives and their 12,0000
attendants! He was stunned by the opulence "to
try and tell all of what I saw is hopeless,
for I went along with my head so often turned
from one side to the other that I was almost
falling backward off my horse with my senses
lost. The cost of it all is not so much to be
wondered at, as there is so much money in the
land, and the chiefs are so wealthy". Today
the view from the king's dais which still dominates
the enclosure, is a sad reminder of the revelry
of the past; the Queen's bath is bone dry, the
proud buildings are demolished but the tales
and the aura live on.
If you aren't thrilled by the idea of walking
why don't you take a slow boat down the Tunga
Bhadra? Now these boats are not what you think
they are. Paes, who in the 16th century used
this same method of travel notes: "People
cross to this place by boats which are round
like baskets; inside they are made of cane,
and outside are covered with leather; they are
able to carry fifteen or twenty people. Men
row them with a sort of paddle, and the boats
are always turning round, as they cannot go
straight like others; in all the kingdom where
there are streams there are no other boats but
these".
This holds true even today as a boat ride down
the Tunga Bhadra is the same as it was nearly
500 years ago. A boat can be hired from the
ghat near Hampi Bazaar. The price and distance
would have to be negotiated. Since many of the
temples are situated on the banks of the river
you can see them from the boat as you slowly
drift along. Pillared temples pavilions, ruined
dwellings and massive granite fortifications
dot the countryside. As many of the sites are
very remote and inaccessible, solitude is assured.
Once you have visited Royal enclosure, Vitthala
Temple, Sugreeva's Cave, King's balance, Sita
Konda and Chakratirth, it is time to move on
to Matunga and Hematakuta Hill, Rishimukh, Anjenaya
Parbat and Vali Kila; after which you can proceed
to the museum, Anegondi, Malyavanta Hill. There
is almost too much to see. 'Temple fatigue'
tends to sap the energy of even the most energetic
visitor. Since the temples have stood their
ground for the last 400 years, it's okay to
take it easy.
There's
lots to do in the mean time, like sit in the
shade of a giant mango tree sipping nimboo pani
and watching the river flow.
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